Which structure is assessed by the Hornblower's test?

The Hornblower's test specifically evaluates the teres minor muscle, which is one of the rotator cuff muscles located in the shoulder. This test is designed to assess the function of the teres minor in external rotation, particularly when the arm is in a position of abduction. During the test, the patient is asked to hold their arm in a specific position, and the clinician checks for the ability to maintain that position against resistance.

This is critical because the teres minor plays a role in stabilizing the shoulder and allowing for smooth movement during activities that involve external rotation of the arm. A positive Hornblower's test, indicating weakness or pain, suggests issues with the teres minor that could contribute to shoulder dysfunction or impingement.

The other structures mentioned in the options include muscles of the rotator cuff that perform different functions or are assessed by other specific tests. For example, the subscapularis is typically evaluated by the belly press test or the lift-off test, while the supraspinatus is assessed using the empty can test. The infraspinatus can be tested with other specific maneuvers aimed at assessing external rotation strength but is not the focus of the Hornblower's test. Thus, the correct structure assessed