Which nerve is associated with the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

The tibial nerve innervates the muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the leg. This compartment contains important muscles such as the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus, all of which play critical roles in plantarflexion and toe flexion. The tibial nerve also has a sensory function, providing sensation to the skin of the plantar aspect of the foot.

In the context of the other nerves listed, the deep peroneal nerve primarily innervates muscles in the anterior compartment, particularly those responsible for dorsiflexion and toe extension. The superficial peroneal nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg, which is involved in eversion of the foot. The sural nerve, while providing sensation to parts of the lower leg and foot, does not have a role in motor innervation to the deep posterior compartment. Thus, the tibial nerve is specifically responsible for both the motor function and sensory distribution associated with the deep posterior compartment.