What nerve is primarily involved in tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Tarsal tunnel syndrome primarily involves the posterior tibial nerve. This nerve runs along the inside of the ankle and passes through the tarsal tunnel, a narrow space formed by bone and fibrous tissue. When this nerve becomes compressed or irritated within the tunnel, it can lead to a variety of symptoms, including pain, tingling, and numbness in the foot and toes, which are characteristic of tarsal tunnel syndrome.

The posterior tibial nerve innervates several muscles and provides sensory information to the skin over the plantar aspect of the foot. Understanding this anatomy is crucial for diagnosing conditions related to nerve compression in the lower limb. The association of the posterior tibial nerve with tarsal tunnel syndrome allows for targeted treatment approaches, such as rest, orthotics, or surgical intervention, depending on the severity of the condition.

The other nerves listed are not primarily involved in this syndrome. The deep peroneal and common peroneal nerves are located in front of the leg and are more related to problems such as foot drop and lateral aspect pain. The sural nerve provides sensory innervation to the posterior lateral aspect of the leg and lateral foot, making it less relevant to the symptoms caused by compression in the tarsal tunnel.