What is the second most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD)?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is noted as the second most common cause of sudden cardiac death, particularly in young athletes. This pathological condition is characterized by an abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, which can lead to obstructed blood flow and arrhythmias. It is significant in the context of sports medicine because it often presents with few or no symptoms, making pre-participation screening critical for early identification.

Individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are at a heightened risk for life-threatening arrhythmias, which can result in cardiac arrest. This is particularly relevant in the athletic population, where it accounts for a notable proportion of exercise-related sudden cardiac deaths. In fact, in a study of athletes who experience sudden cardiac events, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has frequently been documented as the underlying cause.

Coronary artery anomalies, while recognized as a cause of sudden cardiac death, are less prevalent overall compared to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Aortic stenosis and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia are also associated with sudden cardiac events but occur with lesser frequency than hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This makes it essential to understand the implications of various heart conditions, particularly in younger individuals engaged in competitive sports.