How is minute ventilation affected during pregnancy?

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During pregnancy, minute ventilation is increased due to several physiological changes that occur in the body to support both the mother and the developing fetus. As the body matures during pregnancy, there is an increase in oxygen demand and carbon dioxide production.

The hormonal changes, particularly the rise in progesterone levels, lead to an increase in sensitivity to carbon dioxide, prompting the respiratory center in the brain to stimulate deeper and more frequent breaths. This increase in breathing rate and depth results in a significant rise in minute ventilation, which is the total volume of air that is inhaled and exhaled in one minute.

Moreover, as the pregnancy progresses, the growing uterus mechanically pushes against the diaphragm, which can lead to changes in breathing patterns; however, despite these changes, the overall minute ventilation typically rises to meet the increased metabolic needs. This adaptation is crucial for maintaining adequate oxygenation for both the mother and the fetus throughout the different stages of pregnancy. Therefore, option C is correct as it accurately reflects the physiological adjustments that occur in the respiratory system during pregnancy.

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