What is the main structure evaluated by the lift-off test?

The lift-off test is primarily used to assess the function of the subscapularis muscle, which is one of the four rotator cuff muscles. This test evaluates the strength and integrity of the subscapularis specifically, as it is responsible for internal rotation of the shoulder.

During the lift-off test, a patient places their hand behind their back and attempts to lift it away from the back while the examiner resists the motion. Difficulty or inability to execute this movement suggests a possible tear or weakness in the subscapularis muscle. Assessing this muscle is crucial because it plays a vital role in shoulder stability and function, particularly during overhead activities.

While the rotator cuff includes several muscles, the lift-off test specifically targets the subscapularis rather than the entire group. Other muscles and structures may be tested through different maneuvers, but the lift-off test is distinct in its focus on the subscapularis.