What degree of aortic stenosis excludes an athlete from all sports?

In assessing aortic stenosis (AS) and its implications for athletic participation, the degree of severity plays a crucial role in determining whether an athlete can safely engage in sports.

Moderate symptomatic aortic stenosis is characterized by notable limitations in physical activity and can lead to significant cardiovascular complications, particularly during exertion. Athletes with moderate symptomatic AS face an increased risk of syncope, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac events when engaging in high-intensity sports. Therefore, these individuals are recommended to limit their participation, especially in competitive or contact sports that increase cardiovascular strain.

Severe aortic stenosis presents an even greater risk. This condition is associated with a markedly reduced exercise capacity and critical symptoms that can arise with minimal exertion. Athletes diagnosed with severe AS are strongly advised against all forms of competitive sports due to the high probability of detrimental outcomes.

Thus, individuals with either moderate symptomatic AS or severe AS are excluded from all sports participation, making the correct conclusion that both moderate and severe AS disqualify an athlete from these activities. This approach emphasizes the importance of heart health and safety when evaluating athletes with potentially life-threatening cardiovascular conditions.